What Are A Levels?

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You’ve probably heard the term a hundred times. Teachers mention them, older siblings stress about them, and parents discuss them at kitchen tables across the country. But if you’re approaching the end of Year 11 — or you’re a parent supporting a teenager who is — you might still be wondering: what exactly are A levels, and why do they matter so much?

This guide cuts through the confusion and gives you everything you need to know, from how A levels work to how to choose the right subjects — and where to study them.

A levels (short for Advanced Level qualifications) are subject-based qualifications typically studied in Years 12 and 13, when students are aged 16 to 18. They are the most widely recognised academic qualification for university entry in the UK, and are respected by universities and employers internationally too.

Most students study three A level subjects over two years, though some take four — particularly those aiming for highly competitive university courses or institutions.

A levels are assessed primarily through written examinations at the end of Year 13, though some subjects also include coursework, practical assessments or portfolios depending on the subject.

How Are A Levels Graded?

A levels are graded from A* (the highest) down to E (the minimum pass grade). Below E is a U, which stands for ungraded and does not count towards university applications.

Here’s a quick overview of the grading scale:

● A* — Exceptional performance

● A — Excellent

● B — Very good

● C — Good

● D — Satisfactory

● E — Minimum pass

● U — Ungraded (not a pass)

Universities set their own entry requirements based on these grades, typically expressed as a combination — for example, AAB or ABB for a particular course. Some of the most competitive degrees, such as Medicine or Law at top universities, may require A*AA or higher.

Choosing Your A Level Subjects

This is where many students feel the pressure — and understandably so. Choosing three subjects at 16 can feel like you’re making decisions about the rest of your life. The good news? With the right guidance, it’s a lot more manageable than it sounds.

Follow your strengths and genuine interests

A levels demand sustained focus and independent thinking over two years. Choosing subjects simply because they “sound impressive” rarely works well. The students who thrive are those who have chosen subjects they genuinely find interesting and are motivated to explore in depth.

Consider your university aspirations

Certain degree courses have specific A level requirements. Medicine typically requires Chemistry and Biology. Architecture often looks for Maths and Art. If you have a clear destination in mind, work backwards from the entry requirements.

If you’re not sure yet — which is completely normal at 16 — choosing a broad mix of well-regarded subjects (for example, a science, a humanity and a language, or a combination that spans different thinking styles) keeps your options open.

Check facilitating subjects

Russell Group universities publish guidance on “facilitating subjects” — A levels that are most widely required and respected across different degree courses. These include:

● Mathematics

● English Literature

● Physics, Chemistry and Biology

● History and Geography

● Modern and Classical Languages

These aren’t the only good A levels to take, but they’re useful to be aware of if you’re aiming for selective universities.

A Levels vs Other Post-16 Qualifications

A levels aren’t the only option after GCSEs. It’s worth knowing what else is available, even if A levels are the right path for most students aiming for university.

● BTECs — vocational qualifications, often studied alongside or instead of A levels, particularly suited to practical or career-specific routes

● T Levels — newer technical qualifications designed as an alternative to A levels for students pursuing certain technical careers

● International Baccalaureate (IB) — a broader qualification that covers six subjects simultaneously, popular in some independent schools

● Foundation Year — some universities offer foundation courses for students who didn’t quite meet entry requirements

For most students with university ambitions, A levels remain the clearest and most widely understood route.

What Makes a Good Sixth Form?

Choosing the right place to study your A levels can be just as important as choosing the right subjects. The environment, teaching quality and support you receive during those two years can make a genuine difference to your results — and your wellbeing.

When evaluating sixth forms and sixth form colleges, look for:

Teaching quality — small class sizes and subject specialists make a significant difference
Results — what do leavers actually achieve, and where do they go on to?
University support — does the sixth form help with UCAS applications, personal statements and interviews?
Subject breadth — does it offer the specific combination of subjects you want?
Pastoral care — does it treat you as an individual, not just a student number?

Whether you’re looking at school sixth forms, independent colleges or among the best sixth form colleges in London, these are the questions worth asking at any open evening.

Considering London? Here’s What to Look For

London is home to some outstanding post-16 provision. When searching for the top 10 London sixth forms, you’ll find a mix of state school sixth forms, large further education colleges and smaller independent sixth form colleges — each with different strengths.

Independent sixth form colleges in London tend to offer smaller class sizes, more personalised teaching and a focused academic environment specifically designed around A level study. For students who feel they need more individual attention, or who want a fresh start after GCSEs, they can be an excellent option.

Brampton College — A Leading Independent Sixth Form in London

One name that consistently appears among the best sixth form colleges in the capital is Brampton College, an independent sixth form college based in Hendon, North London.

Brampton specialises exclusively in A levels and GCSEs, with an average class size of just seven students. Every student has a personal tutor, weekly one-to-one tutorials with subject teachers, and access to an experienced learning support team — including an on-site educational psychologist. In 2025, 44% of students achieved A* or A grades.

If you’re exploring A level courses and what studying at a specialist sixth form college actually looks like, Brampton’s course pages are well worth a read.

You can find out more at www.bramptoncollege.com.

Conclusion: A Levels Open Doors — Choose Wisely

A levels are challenging, but they’re also an opportunity. Two years of focused study in subjects you care about, with the right support around you, can genuinely transform what comes next — whether that’s a top university place, a competitive apprenticeship or simply the confidence that comes from knowing you gave it your best shot.